Bài 9 trang 58 SGK Toán 11 tập 1 – Cánh diều

Đề bài

Cho cấp số cộng \(\left( {{u_n}} \right)\). Tìm số hạng đầu \({u_1}\), công sai d trong mỗi trường hợp sau:

a)    \({u_2} + {u_5} = 42\) và \({u_4} + {u_9} = 66\)

b)    \({u_2} + {u_4} = 22\) và \({u_1}.{u_5} = 21\)

Lời giải chi tiết

a, Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_2}\; + {\rm{ }}{u_5}\; = {\rm{ }}42\\{u_4}\; + {\rm{ }}{u_9}\; = {\rm{ }}66\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1} + d\; + {\rm{ }}{u_1} + 4d\; = {\rm{ }}42\\{u_1} + 3d\; + {\rm{ }}{u_1} + 8d\;\; = {\rm{ }}66\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}2{u_1} + 5d\;\; = {\rm{ }}42\\2{u_1} + 11d\;\;\; = {\rm{ }}66\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}\; = {\rm{ }}\frac{{99}}{7}\\d\;\;\; = {\rm{ }}\frac{{24}}{7}\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

b, Ta có: ‘

\(\begin{array}{l}\left\{ \begin{array}{l}\;{u_2}\; + {\rm{ }}{u_4}\; = {\rm{ }}22\\{u_1}.{u_5}\; = {\rm{ }}21\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1} + d\; + {\rm{ }}{u_1} + 3d\; = {\rm{ 2}}2\\{u_1}.\left( {{u_1} + 4d\;} \right)\; = {\rm{ 21}}\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}2{u_1} + 4d\;\; = {\rm{ 2}}2\\{u_1}.\left( {{u_1} + 4d\;} \right)\; = {\rm{ 21}}\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}\; = {\rm{ }}11 – 2d\\\left( {11 – 2d} \right).\left( {11 – 2d + 4d\;} \right)\; = {\rm{ 21}}\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}\; = {\rm{ }}11 – 2d\\\left( {11 – 2d} \right).\left( {11 + 2d\;} \right)\; = {\rm{ 21}}\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}\; = {\rm{ }}11 – 2d\\{11^2} – {\left( {2d\;} \right)^2} = {\rm{ 21}}\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}\; = {\rm{ }}11 – 2d\\121 – 4{d^2} = {\rm{ 21}}\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}{u_1}\; = {\rm{ }}11 – 2d\\d\; =  \pm 5\end{array} \right.\end{array}\)

Với \(d =  – 5 \Rightarrow {u_1} = 11 – 2.\left( { – 5} \right) = 21\)

Với \(d = 5 \Rightarrow {u_1} = 11 – 2.5 = 1\)